Development of next-generation batteries, such as lithium/sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and all-solid-state batteries, that surpass the theoretical energy limits of current lithium-ion batteries

Next-generation batteries, including lithium/sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and all-solid-state batteries, aim to surpass the theoretical energy limits of conventional lithium-ion batteries. These advanced systems promise higher energy densities and improved safety, leveraging innovative materials such as metal anodes, sulfur cathodes, and solid electrolytes. However, challenges such as dendrite growth, poor cycle stability, and solid-solid interface issues must be addressed to enable their practical application. Ongoing research focuses on overcoming these limitations to realize more efficient, durable, and sustainable energy storage technologies.